July 13, 2021 Meeting Notes

President Kathleen (PK) called the meeting to order at 7 AM. Erik led the the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag, and Ruth gave the Invocation. The members said "Howdy!" and then waded through the announcements. There's a lot going on!

Announcements

Earl and Kaity became bequest society members and Dan presented certificates and PK presented pins. Way to go and sooo easy! Ask them how they did it!

Women in Rotary will meet tonight (Tuesday) at 5:30pm at the Hilton Garden Inn. Don't be fooled and go to the one by the airport, this is the one by Pybus.

Kevin asked for help with the flags at Rotary Park. When the state determines flags need to be lowered to half-mast, Kevin and Phil Rasmussen get an email telling them to lower the flags. They share duties but Kevin would like some backup help for when he is out of town. Erik volunteered to help, but let Kevin know if you would also like to learn what to do and when!

John S gave a board update from yesterday's meeting.

• Chris and Carol/Jim were welcomed as new board members. At a previous Tuesday meeting, club members offered to help sponsor a Sister Connection widow through the in3 program. Since club members donated $900, the board agreed to fill the remaining $600 to complete the 3-year donation.
• Snuggle Bunnies requested a $1500 donation and the board decided to table any further decisions on donations and support for any new requests until the next meeting. Between now and then, the club will decide on a vision and mission statement to help our club focus on direction. Be looking for this at a meeting soon!
• The process for background checks for club members in the mentor program is under review by Dave and Craig.
• Craig discussed financial goals including increased controls and auditing for the treasurer. Looking to add an assistant that can provide depth and separation in the process. 
• For committee reports:
• The fundraising committee is always looking for more help and new ideas. If you are familiar (or would like to become familiar) with state rules on gambling, we need you! The Road Apple Roulette could use some assistance in navigating past the obstacles to get approved.
• The Challenge Scholarship is getting ready to distribute the 2nd stipend round.
• Tomorrow night there is an unveiling of the "Connecting People with Purpose" slogan.
• Join us Wednesday at 5:30pm on Zoom - No masks required.
• ZOOM EVENT:
• WEDNESDAY 5:30pm 
• Join Zoom Meeting
• https://us02web.zoom.us/j/82774995325?pwd=SUlCd1RjeFc2anZBNjhzRUNqYzc1dz09
• Zach Pauw will have his orientation on 7/23.
• And finally, Fellowship will try to coordinate with service projects. Look for an opportunity following our next project - this month after goathead annihilation. Sorry, those goatheads really get my... uh, goat.

Jackie promoted our next Farmers Market takeover on July 17th which will once again include a pet food drive for the Humane Society. And if the Humane Society said they need help with, it's cats, cats, cats! They have a hundred and one cats and need help. And not the kind you make a movie about! They need cat food and dog treats. Pybus Takeover again on August 21st. 

We'll do a final pet parade and accept Humane Society donations on October 30th at 10:30am at Pybus.

Then on 7/24, at 7 am, we'll be helping Goathead Warriors at a location TBD. Fellowship afterward!

We'll also be helping with the backpack giveaway at CVCH again this year on August 7, from 8-11am.

Ruth read a Stage Kids 10-year old's response to the clubs' support and donations. Thank you Erik and Kristen for matching the club's donations and then some!

Next week's Tuesday club meeting will be in the board room at Pybus rather than in the main event center so that we can practice and get in the spirit of Snuggle Bunnies.

Dan read a Foundation Minute. The Rotary Foundation is the charitable arm of Rotary International and maintains non-profit status. It is supported solely by voluntary contributions from people who share its vision of a better world. Its sole mission is to support the efforts of Rotarians through Rotary's mission, and the achievement of world understanding and peace through local, national and international humanitarian and educational programs in our back yard and around the globe.

Alan gave a Apple Century Bike Ride update. The 34th edition is set for 9/25 and will start and end at Walla Walla Park. Thank you PUD! He complimented John M on the turn by turn directions and gave a few statistics for past rides:

• Average rider is over 50 years old
• 75% are male
• 75% ride the entire 100 miles

Sponsor level forms and pledge forms are available to all. Get out and help draw support for the ride!

The next meeting will be 7/20 at the original Bob's on the corner of 2nd and Wenatchee Ave in Wenatchee at 5pm.

Wayne encouraged members to fill those green change cups to the brim! With change! For a charity to be determined later in the year!

Wayne also mentioned Ron Griffith (honorary member) sold his house and has moved to Blossom Valley on Orchard Ave here in Wenatchee. Ron would welcome visitors. He's in room #112.

Program

Chris introduced Debbie Gallaher (Visitor Services Manager) and Bob Bauer (Public Educations) from the Rocky Reach Discovery/Visitor center, and Casey Hall project manager of the renovation.

Debbie started by thanking John M for all his help over the years with the Salmon Festival and poster contests. She has worked for the PUD over 42 years and will retire in December of this year. She knew when the time would come that it would be good, but she was intent in staying through the new Discovery Center and making sure it was something the valley and surrounding communities would be proud of. She has dreamt of this project for 16 of the 18 years she and Bob have worked together.

The new Discovery Center has generated a lot of interest from locals and people outside the region as well. Those familiar with the old visitor center will be surprised at the significant changes that have been made. The theater has been changed from one large theater to several smaller theaters (one on each floor) where the videos have been updated (and more will be generated going forward). Many more exhibits have been created for the new center as well.

Because access to the powerhouse will now be restricted to guided tours only, access to the new Discovery Center will no longer require going through security. Access will be available up top or you can park below and access from the fish viewing area once again. The fish viewing windows have been replaced and there is the opportunity to view fish from nearly the floor to the ceiling keeping toddlers and those with disabilities in mind. It will have a feel more like an aquarium.

Casey said construction has been going great in spite of a few surprises along the way. The PUD started looking at alternatives in 2015 and did a study in 2016, presented the results to the Board of Commissioners, and received the go ahead and design a new Discovery Center. By then it was 2018 and design took two years. Construction started in October 2020 after the visitor season. The project is about 95% complete with a month to go.

The original terrazzo floor remains and it is the same building footprint, but they've found ways to add some square footage to the approximately 42,000 square foot space. There is a new mezzanine level and free-to-use telescopes. They've gutted the building and really transformed it into a space that previous visitors won't recognize. The cost was $7.7 million and helps fulfill one of the missions of the PUD for education. Visitor counts are expected to double in its first year of operation compared to previous years.

While the Walter Graham mural did not fit into the new plans, and the PUD tried to find a home for it at the museum and other places, but there were no takers. When Chris heard that, he found room at the new service center to make it work as a center piece of the new PUD System Operations Center.

Bob put the Columbia River into perspective and asked us all to imagine being at the base of the Seattle Space Needle and looking up at its 605 foot height. Then stack a 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Space needle on top of that. Then put another half of one on for good measure. That is how far each water molecule from Columbia Lake drops in elevation to reach the ocean. Since the Columbia River is 1243 miles long, that works out to about two and a quarter feet per mile compared to three inches per mile for the Mississippi.

All the water and snow on the mountains that eventually reach the Columbia River provides what we need to generate electricity. It's an incredible natural resource, providing:

• Drinking water
• Irrigation
• Food source (fish, etc.)
• Recreation
• Power.

There are eleven dams in the United States and three in Canada on the Columbia. The water from Columbia Lake goes through all of them, generating more power each time it pass through a project. The Discovery Center is where this natural resource meets the human resource.

The new facility has eight exhibit areas:

• Welcome - Introduction/mini-theater
• The People's Power - Evolution of the PUD and PUD hydro-projects
• Hydro Health - Clean, Renewable, Reliable, and Affordable energy
• Columbia River Hydro System - 14 projects/Hydro Know How
• The Living River - First People/Explorers/Transportation/People Today
• Maker Space - Learning while you have fun
• PUD/Hydro Industry Careers - The Natural & Human Resource
• Fish Tales - Everything is connected/Anatomy/Journey

The new facility will be focused on STEM interactions (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics.) For kids, it means getting them thinking about possible great careers where they can apply this knowledge. The PUD even runs a STEM academy for this in the summers that draws high school and recent graduates from all over to learn with immersive, hands-on projects to see what different careers look like. The PUD partners with FWEE and even get students out to Douglas and Grant PUD's projects.

They've gotten support from local schools and "trained" 160 teachers on accredited teaching methods while highlighting many of the incredible careers in the hydroelectric industry. It's another path to a great career that doesn't always require a large debt from college. Many of the jobs at the PUD have a three year apprenticeship focused on learning a craft. Even some people who went to college are hired for these jobs and still need to go through the apprenticeship. The best part is an apprenticeship is like being paid to go to school!

One of the exhibits that was popular before but wouldn't fit through the Discovery Center doors was the dugout canoe. That didn't stop the PUD as they knew they wanted to keep it as an exhibit. Where there is a will, there's a way. They built a special container to keep it safe and then devised a way to lower it through a skylight to its new home. While the canoe is in its resting place, it will be telling a story for years to come.

Other displays are new or updated to include STEM aspects. They've incorporated your senses into many of the exhibits with an attempt to make much of it interactive. You may remember the old sternwheeler photo and wheel where you could stand in front of the pilot wheel and imagine navigating the rapids. Well, now instead of a picture is a video and based on how you steer the wheel depends on whether you make it through the Rock Island rapids or end up on the bottom of the river like the Selkirk in 1906. 

Another exhibit goes through how energy consumption has changed based off of types of usage as well as energy conservation and efficiency gains. Another has a six foot by three foot salmon. Put your rods away as this has a cutaway for people to learn about the anatomy of the salmon. Part of the focus is on moving and seeing how processes works.

You can even use your smart phone or tablet to fly an augmented reality drone around the tailrace and explore the different elements of the Rocky Reach project. Using this same technology, you can see how a water molecule goes through the project or follow the salmon run.

The Discovery Center operates with a very small staff, primarily Debbie and Bob! They do have summer students help with tours. If you like talking to people from all over the world, you can be part of the ambassador program. Participants in this program get to decide when they'd like to volunteer.

With the remodel comes new hours, now open year-round! It will be open 9:30 am-5 pm 7 days a week until November 1st when it will drop back to just 5 days a week Tuesday through Saturday; same hours. The café will be back with new, amazing, upper level outdoor seating.

A small ribbon cutting ceremony for the new Discovery Center will be held the morning of 8/25 at 9 am, and at noon, there will be a soft opening to the public. The grand opening will be Saturday 8/28 starting at 8 am and will include many festivities.

For 8/28, the PUD will have:

• The Reptile Man
• Cowboy Buck and Elizabeth (Musicians)
• A local artist helping make salmon windsocks
• Dancers that you have to come see!

The people of the past dreamed and believed in this clean, renewable energy source. The PUD hopes you'll come see all the changes to the Discovery Center. You'll really need to go to see it all!

Look for more information on the PUD website chelanpud.org and their ad in Good Life magazine.

Raffle and Closing

Brags and Confessions were postponed until next week as we ran out of time.

Sam had Wayne draw the raffle ticket and Dave's number was drawn, but he didn't want to win. 

Dave just wanted to make your odds better next week! That's the spirt Dave!

A children's book was donated to the library in the speakers' name.

PK closed with a George Carlin quote, "Don't sweat the petty things and don't pet the sweaty things!" Great summer advice!

July 6, 2021 Meeting Notes

Newly sworn-in Wenatchee Sunrise Rotary President Kathleen McNalty gaveled the meeting to order at 7 AM. Craig led the members and guest in the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag, and Milt gave the Invocation. The members enjoyed saying "Howdy!" in our live meeting again!

Kathleen welcomed new Wenatchee Rotary Club President Alice Meyer as a guest.

Announcements

The Change-Over Dinner at the Wenatchee Museum and Cultural Center last Tuesday was attended by 44 people. We had lots of great food, and a funny "Roast-Earl" reading by the POOPS (Past Order Of PresidentS). Check out all the dinner happening in the blog just before this one. It's called, surprisingly enough, "June 29, 2021 Change-Over Dinner". (Don't overlook the Rockem Sockem Robots!)

Kathleen said the board voted to bring back the green cups to the tables for your loose change and old, crumbled currency (US only, please). Earl volunteered to count it after each meeting, so knowing how much he likes pennies, drop some in. The money will accumulate over the year and a charity will be selected to receive the donations.

Tired of buying coffee at the meeting and wasting a paper cup? Bring in a real, ceramic mug for coffee and stop throwing away paper cups. Kathleen volunteered to wash them before each meeting for you to use at the meeting! Cups should have a funny saying on it, but keep it clean. There are children in the club audience!

Earl announced that the Fun-d Raising Committee will meet Thurs. July 8th at 6 PM at Pybus. Any club member is invited. Just show up!

Jackie announced that the next "Take Over of the Farmers Market" at Pybus will be Saturday, July 17th. Sign up sheet will be circulated next week for volunteers. Donations of canned food for animals is appreciated.

The Goathead Warriors are making a come-back to fight that noxious weed, the Goathead! It will be Sat. July 24 at 7 AM. Location is TBD. Stay tuned. This is an easy community project. Sign-up sheets forthcoming, per Jackie and Alan, co-chairs of Community Projects Committee.

Kathleen asked for help for the Sergeant At Arms to give Wayne a bit of a break. All the banners, signs, sign-in sheets, raffle tickets, etc. are set up prior to the meeting, then taken down after the meeting. Wayne has been doing this since he was president in 2015-2016, and would like a break. Sam has volunteered, but we'd like one other so they can take turns. See Prez Kathleen! (Wayne thanks you in advance!!!!)

Alan spoke briefly about the Apple Century Bike Ride on Sat., Sept. 25th along the usual route. Right now we are looking for sponsors. Even $100 sponsors would help out. Ask all the businesses you frequent and get a donation. Next Bike Ride Committee meeting is TBD.

Ruth Dagg shared a beautiful card received from the widows and orphans from the Sister Connection in Burundi, in Southern Africa, thanking our club for its donation!

Brags and Confessions

PJ ("Poor Judgement" says PJ) determined it was not possible to walk on air while crossing a garage grating that had no metal grating in it. The plunge produced a sizeable gash and dislocated tooth. After calling all his dental contacts, Erik Holmberg was able to tell him, over the phone, how to put the tooth back in its socket! Watch out!!

Alan jumped right into paying a fine for his not being a greeter this morning. Same goes for wife Kelly. He was late getting to the meeting because of some latent Canucks traveling on to Alberta. Those friends left some dogs for Alan and Kelly to dog-sit, but all the sitters got was a pile of dog hair! There's a golden retriever and husky in that hair ball!

Robin announced that today was THE DAY for her and Richard (THE District 5060 District Gover-nator) to start their District-wide tour. First stops, the booming towns of Sunnyside and Grandview. Bring nose plugs! She also suffered a shoulder injury and has been using CBD on it (cue the drug dog)!

Jackie bragged (again) that they went on a long trip to Glacier National Park in Montana. While hiking, they got a text from a friend who is getting engaged to another Jackie. Wedding in October in NYC!

Taro and wife Patti thought it would be fun to foster 2 new-born kittens (48 hours old). Neither had their eyes open yet, and required bottle feeding every 2-3 hours for 2-3 weeks straight. They are both seeing the rewards of their care for the felines after the kittens opened their eyes! Awwww! Cute!!

Jim Huffman, a Rotary member, revealed the reason for his extended absence. In January, 2020, he was diagnosed with a tumor behind his esophagus and could not swallow. Radiation and chemo-therapy helped shrink the tumor and it was finally removed. However, the bleeding from the surgery wouldn't stop so he went from the ICU to ER back to ICU. He was given a CoVid-19 test and it was positive, so he was put into the CoVid ward. He saw no one's faces with all their PPE gear on. He also could NOT have any visitors. His eye brow hair is growing back, so rationalized his ear and nose hairs should be doing the same! Jim paid a fine for all the Chuck Norris jokes he told in the hospital! Welcome back, Jim!! We missed you!

Program

Earl introduced Corporal Jacob Lewis with the Chelan County Regional Jail K9 unit, and his dog Kait. They are the Drug Interdiction Team for the Chelan County Jail. A first in the jail's long history. 

The team was started in 2018 by Jail Administrator Bill Larson because of all the pot smoke coming from the jail cells. In 2019, additional cameras were installed to monitor prisoner activity in their cells. Drug activity decreased but never stopped. Mail and body scanners helped tip the scales of justice in the correct direction after it was discovered that most of the drugs that end up in the jail are from the mail. With the mail scanners, ‎illicit‎ drugs in the mail headed to the prisoners decrease by 80%.

Kait is a 5 year old Border Collie. Corporal Lewis conducted a demonstration with Kait and she was able to find the shipping box in the room with the drug sample. Her reward? She got to bite into a ball and play for a bit!

The newest drug of choice is Suboxone, a medication that is used to help those addicted to opioids. It can be diluted, then the contents of a letter mailed to a prisoner are soaked in the solution. Personal mail can be opened and examined by jail staff. However, legal letters must be opened in front of a prisoner.

Corporal Lewis is a 4 years veteran of the US Coast Guard where he was also a dog handler and part of a Coast Guard Security Team.

Searches of cell and the grounds around the exercise area are often conducted. Training of the dog is done by Corporal Lewis himself 2-3 times a week. He and Kate are both certified by the state and local law enforcement agencies. 

After a dog serves 5-9 years, they are retired and the dog's handler usually adopts the dog. A State Patrol dog usually retires after 7 years.

Chelan County has 3 dogs, plus the 1 in the jail. The State Patrol has 1 dog, and Douglas County has no dogs. Grant County has 4 dogs.

It takes about $1500 to train a drug dog. It takes about $10,000/year to maintain a dog (medical, insurance, etc.). Dog food is usually donated.

Kathleen thanked Corporal Lewis and Kait, and said that our Rotary Club would be donating a Children's book to the Regional Library in their names.

Raffle

Sam showed the club the shape and color of the winning marble.

Sam had John Schapman draw a ticket to see who gets to draw the marble!

Erik's ticket was drawn, and he tried his hardest to find the silver marble for the $84 raffle prize! No go! More money next week!!

President Kathleen read the closing quote from John Adams: “If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.”

Meeting was adjourned at 8 AM.

June 29, 2021 Wenatchee Sunrise Change-Over Dinner

It's a Rotary tradition and point of order to have a Change-Over Dinner. It brings together club Rotarians, their family and friends, and new comers to applaud the outgoing President and welcome the incoming President. Dinner and an appropriate skit usually are fitted into the occasion.

Past President Taro Masuda opened the dinner meeting and had members introduce their guests:

• Jim and Carol Adamson
• Joel and Julie Banken
• Earl and Joy Crowe
• Geoffrey and Ruth Dagg
• Richard and Robin DeRock
• Dave Freimuth
• Milt and Jan Herman
• Erik and Kristen Holmberg
• PJ and Cookie Jones
• Kevin and Lynn Love
• Rebecca Lyons
• Wayne Massing
• Taro and Patti Masuda
• Chris and Holly McDarment
• John and Betsy McDarment
• Bill McDowell
• Steve Wright, Kathleen McNalty and sons Tyler and Daniel
• Zack (potential member) and Alison Pauw and baby Audrey 
• Craig Reece
• Rani Sampson
• John Schapman
• Ethan and Kaitlyn VanWeerdhuizen
• Alan and Kelly Walker.

Dinner

We were fortunate enough to be able to use the Wenatchee Museum and Cultural Center's kitchen to prepare a delicious meal of the following:

• Hamburgers with all the fixin's
• Chicken
• Brats
• Portobello mushrooms
• Kirkland ice cream bars.
  

Those helping prepare the meal were Rani, John, Betsy, Rebecca, Ethan, Kaity, and Kathleen. Since it was BYOB, there were many bottles of refreshments to choose from!

   Rani

John, Betsy, Kathleen and Rani

  Rebecca

Earl, Ethan and Kaity

Goals and Accomplishments

Earl read a list of the club's major goals and accomplishments during Rotary Year 2020-2021 (July-June):

• 25 individual club members participated in at least 1 service project. There were 11 service projects completed.
• 25 individual club members participated in at least 1 social/fellowship event. There were 10 social/fellowship events.
• 5 individual club members participated in at least 1 leadership training event.
• 5 individual club members participated in at least 1 District training event.
• Our club donated over $2,000 to Polio and over $2,700 to the Annual Fund.
• Our club awarded 16 Paul Harris Fellows (15 club members and 1 in memorial for Gregory Lyons (Rebecca’s husband).
• 2 club members became benefactors.
• 2 club members became Bequest Society members.
• Christmas presents to the Bruce House. We partnered with the East Wenatchee and Downtown club and provided Christmas present to 27 kids.
• Grace House Valentine gift bags. Individual club members purchased, packaged, and gifted 16 adults and 8 kids for Valentine’s Day.
• Our club earned the Presidential Citation for completing at least 50% of the goals set for the year. We completed 82%!

Awards (Part 1)

Because of the diligent work of the President, the Board of Directors and club member's help, our club was awarded the prestigious Rotary International Presidential Award as we met over 82% of our goals. Certificate forthcoming from Rotary International.

Earl thanked his Board of Directors for 2020-2021 with praise and gifts.

Committees

Earl introduced the club's committees and their chairs: 

• Bike Ride Committee-Alan Walker
• Fund-Raiser Committee-Pete Blanksma
• Public Image Committee-Chris McDarment and Wayne Massing
• Challenge Scholarship Committee-David Barshes and Craig Reese
• Foundation Committee-Craig Reese
• Membership Committee-Jim Adamson
• Social and Fellowship Committee-Carol Adamson and Ruth Dagg
• Local and International Projects Committee-Milt Herman and Taro Masuda (Future Alan Walker and Jackie Rector)
• Youth Exchange-Joel Banken
• Program Committee-Jim Huffman
• Sergeant at Arms-Wayne Massing, Kevin Love.

Another important part of our club is the organization, ordering and delivery of the Tuesday morning meeting's breakfast. Ruth Dagg does that well. Thanks, Ruth!

Awards (Part 2)

Earl presented the June Rotarian of the Month award to John McDarment. Earl writes: "I awarded John McDarment the Rotarian of the Month for June. It was an easy selection for me to make. Throughout the year John has been someone I have went to for advice and as a sounding board. Every month John worked with me by creating the Rotarian of the Month certificates and having them in a folder. John was instrumental in organizing the Changeover Dinner with Taro." Congratulations, John!

The Mark Anderson "Marky" Presidential Service Award was presented to Kathleen McNalty, Wenatchee Sunrise Rotarian who best exemplifies Service Above Self.

Earl wrote this about Kathleen and her award: 'I know how much work goes into the President Elect’s year getting ready to become Club President. Throughout the year Kathleen was completing all of her duties as President Elect, and at the same time, she was the Co-chair of the Fundraising Committee, and generating project ideas. Kathleen took on the coordination of the Monthly Rotary Club of Wenatchee Sunrise takeover at the Pybus Farmer’s Market, an ongoing event which attracted two new club members (Dan & Jackie Rector). This past year Kathleen truly exhibited the meaning of Service Above Self.”

 

Oath of Office

Earl asked Kathleen McNalty to come forward and be sworn in as the newest President of the Wenatchee Sunrise Rotary Club.

Kathleen asked her incoming Board of Directors to join her on stage.

District Governor Richard DeRock presented President Kathleen with the 2021-2022 themed banner "Serve to Change Lives". The banner will be proudly displayed at every meeting.

Kathleen presented to Joy Crowe a floral bouquet and gift certificate for her support for her husband Earl, Immediate Past President, and for her support for the club.

Kathleen also present Betsy McDarment with a gift certificate for all the help she provides at EVERY Rotary event! Thank you, Betsy!

The POOPS

At this point in the Change-Over Dinner, the Past Order of Presidents (POOPS) took over the ceremony. Jim Adamson explained that Earl is the current Deputy Coroner of Chelan County, and we about dropped dead coming up with anything to write about him, but we did (some excerpts):

• Earl had a difficult time choosing his committee chairs. He didn't want any dead beats.
• When suggested we do the beer selling at The Gorge again, Earl replied very loudly...."Over my dead body"!
• Matter of fact, Earl died laughing when we told him we wanted him to be president.
• Now that we are meeting in public, have you noticed Earl leaves early from Rotary some mornings. One member asked why and he said, "Some people are dying to see me"!
• They got worse....

The POOPS had a huddle and vote to see if Earl was really worthy to be inducted into the prestigious group.

A vote of 9 to 0 was received and Earl was happily pinned with the Past President pin! 

Thank you, Earl.

Welcome, Kathleen.

Some pictures of the attendees.

  Zack, Alison and baby Audrey

 

The DeRocks settle a discussion with Rockem Sockem Robots!

The dinner was enjoyed by everyone. It was great to be able to get back together again, and see smiling faces again. Everyone enjoyed the coolness of the museum, despite the vicious heat in our valley!

Dinner ended at 8:30.